Ethics and Local Governance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics and Local Governance - Case Study Example The council officers might be tempted to use this information in a manner that would not be proper or acceptable. It is indeed true that the employees of the council might be bound by rules and regulations which govern their conduct and ensures the confidentiality with respect to the information from the citizens. Nevertheless, despite such ethical requirements, some of the information might be used wrongly in a manner that can affect the citizens. Many of the council employees are constantly working to update the information or to get as much information as possible from the citizens. In such a case, they are bound by the rules to ensure that such information is only used for the intended purposed and should not even be accessed by unauthorized persons. It is therefore important for the workers to strictly adhere to all these rules and regulations in the most effective way and ensure that confidentiality is adhered to. In the same way, they should only obtain the relevant information and avoid getting anything that is not required by the council (Singer, 2004). This aspect therefore raises a very important ethical consideration which must be realized. The accuracy of the information that is kept in the index largely depends upon the sincerity of the citizens who avail the information. In some instances, some citizens might chose to provide inaccurate information which will eventually affect the overall information kept in the database. Common ethics require that the citizens comply with the requirements and provide as accurate information as possible. However, some people might choose to lie or give inaccurate information for their personal good. In this case, the council would be working on inaccurate information in the provision of its services in the area. It is very important that every citizen clearly understands why this

Hard work vs Easy money Essay Example for Free

Hard work vs Easy money Essay The film industry is a very influential force in our society today because through it our choices, likes, beliefs, values and ideas are somehow affected and changed. It is so strong that sometimes it already affects our decisions and way of life. According to Supreme Court officials, the motion picture is a significant medium to convey ideas and beliefs so that in order for people who adheres democracy to make informed judgments on debatable issues or questions, they must be appropriately exposed to a fair and just representation of the ideas on all sides of said issues or questions. Americans value their freedom to express their thoughts and ideas, their freedom of speech that’s why the only reason why the constitutional rights to free speech is applied to film is because the movies or motion pictures are important medium for communication, for conveying information. Through this industry, a lot of people are educated, informed, and even transformed to better and useful individuals of the country because whether we like it or not, movies really inspire and motivate people. It touches their lives. However, movies are not created for mere entertainment only. Good or bad, they are still considered as important sociological and cultural documents of our times because they do not only record and reflect our values and ideas at the time the movie was created, they also shape them. For years, movies or films helped structure the American culture, the values, beliefs and traditions of the American people. Hollywood during the 1930s up the late of 1960s for example, helped in shaping up a shared concept of the American history and its role to other countries. Hollywood kept the American’s values and traditions alive during the Great Depression. Unfortunately though, after 1960, it produced films that targeted a smaller segment of the American population. Instead of producing and creating films that depicts the American’s common set of values, it began to venture and produce films with more conventional values. Movies do not only reflect social values of one’s country, it also shapes them. It reflects views about gender such as masculinity and femininity, about manners and/or ethics, language and some other characteristics that make up the society. Movies appeal to all classes and all levels in the economic ladder of one’s country. This is so because movies represent the values, aspirations, frustrations, and fantasies of these people. Movies definitely show the good and bad sides about life and about the world we live in. American History through Film During the Great Depression, between 1930s up to 1939, the American people were so devastated with the economic condition of the country. Money was scarce and life became difficult. To be able to cope with the new economic changes of their lives, the Americans began to patronize fictional movies to make their selves happy and alive. Movies, big bands, and all sorts of parlor and board games became a popular means of entertainment. Film production was accordingly organized on an industrial model and manufactured a mass-produced output aimed at capturing a secure audience share and thus realizing a substantial profit. As a commercial enterprise, American film developed as an entertainment industry, rather than as an educational instrument or art form (Horkheimer and Adorno 1972). Consequently, American dreams were turned into nightmares and bad dreams. What was once considered as the land of promise and of opportunity, of hope and of optimism, became the land of great desperation and depression. People began to question their leaders, their system of government and democracy. Some people moved to agricultural places to find a living. It was during this time that the people’s goal was that of survival instead of advancement. Other countries were also undergoing the same difficulties but the Americans were able to cope such that democracy prevailed in the country. To be able to help the people cope with their present situation, Hollywood created fictional films that entertained them. Popular movie stars played an important role in Hollywood cinema and became fantasy figures for idealized romance and desire (Dyer, 1979). Matinee idols such as Clark Gable, Bette Davis, Greta Garbo, Errol Flynn and Shirley Temple became popular. One of the top grossers during this time was Gone with the Wind (1939) and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Consequently, Hollywood films were divided into the most popular types of genres like the western, melodrama, crime drama, costume film, horror film, and, with the coming of sound, the musical (Schatz, 1981). Film soon became the most popular and influential form of media culture in the United States (Sklar, 1975; Jowett, 1976). It became a source of leisure and socialization providing trends in fashion and designs, guides to love and relationships, marriage and professions. Some Americans thought that early films were produced largely for working class, immigrant and urban audiences, and some critics of the movies thought that they had negative or subversive effects (Jowett, 1976). Some others believed that these films help Americanize immigrants, to teach their audiences how to be good Americans, and to provide escape from the cares of everyday life (Ewen and Ewen, 1982). More theoretical approaches to Hollywood began emerging in the 1960s, including the ideological analyses of Cahiers du cinema and the extremely influential work associated with Screen that translated many key Cahiers and other works of French film theory, including Roland Barthes, Christian Metz, and others which generated much more sophisticated formal approaches to film (see Metz, 1974 and Heath, 1981). Some researchers believe that during this time feminism was considered to be important among the gender and that the construction of dominant ideologies of masculinity and femininity were a central aspect of Hollywood film (Kuhn, 1982; Kaplan, 1983). Studies also began appearing in the 1970s of the business of film, dissecting the political economy of the Hollywood studio system (see Balio, 1976 and 1985; Gomery, 1986; and Wasko 1994). Then the succeeding years became a turning point for Hollywood Films. Movie making became more of a business venture rather than an aid to promote entertainment and relaxation to people. During the past years globalization has made Hollywood film a popular business icon throughout the world. If Hollywood films became the most popular and well respected film company in the early years, dominating the world market, it became more so today with American global corporations promoting and distributing its products throughout the world. Hollywood films are the most capital and profit intensive and thus have the most advanced technological effects for every product released; they are marketed worldwide and patronized by all races around the globe. To this day, Hollywood movies are created not only to gain money but to also influence or change the beliefs and ideas of its audience. Some are produced with the purpose of arguing for the acceptance of some behaviors and lifestyles so that these become parts of the film maker’s concept of cultural morality. As concluded by the Barna Research Group, the single most influential profession in society today is the film business. Unfortunately, some producers, investors and film makers neglected or seem to forget their roles and responsibilities to the viewing public. Some create projects without understanding the basic principles on how this industry works and how it affects the lives, behaviors and values of its audience. Hard work vs. Easy money in Film making industry Film makers have an important role and a great responsibility when creating or producing films. They should be very careful especially when making stories that deals with history and with people’s lives. Although the film industry is not in business just to lose money, it should not be that its goal is to only gain money. There has to be some kind of balance between responsible film making, one that entertains and educates people and that which enables the business to keep going. According to some experts, this could be attained without losing either way. But how are they going to do this? Do they have to exert more efforts to be able to attain both objectives? Or they just have to forget that ‘role- and- responsibility thing’ and focus instead to earning more money? Film making is actually lots of hard work and more had works. Lack of talent according to recent research findings, is irrelevant to success in the film making world. According to Geoffrey Colvin, senior editor-at-large of the Fortune Magazine, â€Å"Talent doesn’t mean intelligence, motivation or personality traits. It’s an innate ability to do some specific activity especially well’. British-based researchers Michael J. Howe, Jane W. Davidson and John A. Sluboda concluded in an extensive study, â€Å"The evidence we have surveyed does not support the notion that excelling is a consequence of innate gifts. † Hard work and practice combined actually makes an individual a master of his craft. No one made it to the top without putting so much work on it. There’s no such thing as ‘born champion’ without going through a lot of work or effort. Greatness can never be achieved without hard work, hard labor. Hard work combined with practice equals work of high level performance and quality. Consistency too is important. Make quality movies all the time, hard yet worth the efforts. People patronize movies created by makers who adhere to the policy of producing high quality films. Filmmaking is making money consciously. Money is a resource material important to everybody, to businesses most especially. Businesses operate with the aim of gaining profits. Film making industry is not an exception. However, it should not be the main reason why the business exists. The role of movies Films have an important role in the lives of its viewers. It connects one generation to the other. It provides an image, concepts, and ideas of how people coped and dealt with their lives in the past; how families are formed or transformed and how it fell apart. It informs us past events, good or bad. It helps us realize that all human beings undergo turmoil and calamities throughout life. It helps us understand why we are here, why we are created, and why we exist. Films are stories about people, their experiences and how they go through life. Films are reflections of our past, present and future lives. Films do not only mirror the social and cultural backgrounds and attitudes of people in the past. It also provides evidences and records them for the future generation to see. Films are good sources of history, of culture and of people. Conclusion: Our world is very much structured by differing thoughts of both politicians and film makers in our society today. These thoughts and ideas are easily and quickly passed through the media that sometimes are readily accepted without thorough investigation for truth. Modern media are so powerful that they are able to deceive people. They can influence your thoughts and views about life. Film making is more than just a business or a calling; it is about influencing and transforming to be able to change the world. It is more than the value of money. Money is just an end. It won’t compensate to the changes that good films bring to its viewers. The visions created by prominent people in the industry has a profound or tremendous impact in our society, inspiring, motivating, and transforming people’s lives for the better. This is one of the few industries that are gifted with the opportunity and responsibility to change our society and our world. Therefore, film makers should be responsible enough to create films or movies that inspire people to do well and to make a difference in their lives. This is possible if they thought of film making as more than just an arena to make profits, to become rich and famous. We, as responsible citizens on the other hand, should be vigilant and exert influence over the cultural impact of the media. We should not patronize films that portray or show violence, subversive activities, and morally degrading stories to its viewers most especially the younger ones. We have a responsibility to protect our society too, that, we should not forget. Institutions, schools and other agencies need to exercise their cultural and social influence on these types of films too. They should condemn companies and personalities that market violence and immorality to viewers, young and old. This is the only way that we can declare war to irresponsible investors and artists. When we are vigilant to these types of propaganda and activities, we can’t certainly be affected or influenced by the film maker’s thoughts, values, ideas and beliefs and our traditional culture will not be in any way, structured by their concepts of the Modern American Culture.

A Comparison of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism Essay -- Compare

A Comparison of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism In this essay, I will contrast and compare the two art movements, Impressionism, and Post-Impressionism. I will be concentrating on the works of the two leading artists of these styles Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh. The impressionist movement is often considered to mark the beginning of the modern period of art. It was developed in France during the late 19th century. The impressionist movement arose out of dissatisfaction with the classical, dull subjects and clean cut precise techniques of painting. They preferred to paint outdoors concentrating more on landscapes and street scenes, and began to paint ordinary everyday people and liked to show the effects in natural light. Claude Monet is often considered one of greatest most dedicated of the Impressionist painters. His aim was to catch the light and atmosphere, something that was scarcely done before. He enjoyed painting outdoors and developed a free and spontaneous painting technique. His brushwork is remarkably flexible and varied. He often changed his technique, sometimes broad and sweeping other times dappled and sparkling. Le Grenouillere is a typical example of how much the style of painting had changed. The piece has been painted outdoors using light and bright colours, and is of a fairly ordinary everyday scene. It is a work in which we see his art losing the last of its stiffness and clean cut edge. The composition concentrates mainly on the foreground .It has three main points of interest, the small rowing boats, the artificial island and the floating barge .It also has a stretch of trees and foliage in the background painted in a much lighter fashion. Monet?s painting has a very different composition from Renoir?s painting of Grenouillere, which was done at the same time; Renoir?s painting is focussed much more on the artificial island and the people on it. Monet uses a combination of thick bold brushstrokes and small short soft brushstrokes; this creates a nice varied look and helps give a good impression of perspective. The tone is also very varied as it is Very light in some areas, but it is also quite dark in others, such as the shades on the barge. The use of dark shades in the foreground makes the boat look so realistic and quite 3D. Although the middle ground is flatter this helps add to the perspective. The water ho... ...m each other. I like the way in which the Impressionist painters managed to break away from the traditional ways of painting. Their careful ways painting which show the effects of light (especially on water) so well are really to be admired. Their use of light bright colours made the way for future painters to become free and express their artwork how they choose. They used short sharp brushwork similar to the Post-Impressionist painters and I feel that Post-Impressionism seems to be almost like a more extreme version of Impressionism. However of the two styles I think that I prefer the Post-Impressionist style as I feel it is freer, bright and shows more emotion. I especially like the long broken and sometimes swirly brushwork which gives everyday scenes a more interesting and exciting feel .The use of bright and vibrant colours brings the paintings to life and creates a range of moods .The artist which I like the most is Van Gogh as I feel his artwork is really quite outstandin g .He creates whole new and exciting visions of his interpretations on the things he sees. Not only did he create vivid and intense paintings but also he could express his moods and feelings through them.

Economic Inequality in Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Essay examples --

Sylvia and The Struggle Against Class Consciousness in Toni Cade Bambara's "The Lesson" "The Lesson" by Toni Cade Bambara is not just a spirited story about a poor girl out of place in an expensive toy store, it is a social commentary. "The Lesson" is a story about one African-American girl's struggle with her growing awareness of class inequality. The character Miss Moore introduces the facts of social inequality to a distracted group of city kids, of whom Sylvia, the main character, is the most cynical. Flyboy, Fat Butt, Junebug, Sugar, Rosie, Sylvia and the rest think of Miss Moore as an unsolicited educator, and Sylvia would rather be doing anything else than listening to her. The conflict between Sylvia and Miss Moore, "This nappy-head bitch and her goddamn college degree" (307), represents more than the everyday dislike of authority by a young adolescent. Sylvia has her own perception of the way things work, her own "world" that she does not like to have invaded by the prying questions of Miss Moore. Sylvia knows in the back of her mind that she is poor, but it ne ver bothers her until she sees her disadvantages in blinding contrast with the luxuries of the wealthy. As Miss Moore introduces her to the world of the rich, Sylvia begins to attribute shame to poverty, and this sparks her to question the "lesson" of the story, how "money ain't divided up right in this country" (308). Sylvia uses her daydreams as an alternative to situations she doesn't want to deal with, making a sharp distinction between reality as it is and reality as she wants to perceive it. For instance, as they ride in a cab to the toy store, Miss Moore puts Sylvia in charge of the fare and tells her to give the driver ten percent. Instead of figurin... ...siting F.A.O. Schwarz awakens in Sylvia an internal struggle she has never felt, and through criticizing Miss Moore, Sylvia distances herself from realizing her poverty. In her responses to the toys, their prices, and the unseen people who buy them, it is evident that Sylvia is confronting the truth of Miss Moore's lesson. As Sylvia begins to understand social inequality, the realization of her own disadvantage makes her angry. For Sylvia, achieving class consciousness is a painful enlightenment. For her to accept that she is underprivileged is shameful for her, and Sylvia would rather deny it than admit a wound to her pride: "ain't nobody gonna beat me at nuthin" (312). Works Cited Bambara, Toni Cade. "The Lesson." Eds. Hans P. Guth and Gabriele L. Rico. Discovering Literature: Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997. 307-12.

Kentucky Fried Chicken Essay

The report is mainly focusing on Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) company and has been divided into three categories at the aim of identifying the leadership and management issues in the company and suggest appropriate solutions to it. The tool that will be used in the first phase is the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis which is used to point out the strengths and weaknesses of the company and also to identifying the leadership and management issues that exist within the organization. The second part of the report consists of the evaluation and rationalization of the management and leaderships issues identified in part 1 by using the McKinsey 7S Model to help to identify what types of changes that should be made and implemented in order to help the company to improve. In the last phase of the report, an overview of the company situation will be presented followed by suggested sets of recommendation and actions for KFC in order to overcome the key issues identified. Company Backgroup  Kentucky Corporation (KFC), also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky, in the United States which was started in the 1930 by Colonel Harland Sanders as a small franchise operation. Kentucky Fried Chicken is a very well-known restaurant in the world. It is rated at number 60 as the world most well-known brand by the BusinessWeek, while McDonald at number 9 and Nestle at number 23 (Badrishah, 2007). KFC remained the largest chicken restaurant chain and third largest fast-food chain. It held over 50 percent of U.  S market in terms of the sales number and ended the year 1995 with over 9,000 restaurants worldwide. By end of the 1995, KFC have opened 234 new restaurants and is operated in 68 countries. In the year of 1997, the company has become a brand of YUM! Brands Inc. which is the world largest fast food chain who also operates Taco Bell, Long John Silver and Pizza Hut. Currently, the company owns and franchises more than 16,200 outlets in about 100countries and have employees of more than 24,000. KFC was the first fast-food chains to enter international market and has now developed one of the world’s most recognizable brands. KFC’s early entry into the fast food industry allowed the company to gain a strong brand name in the industry and dominate the chicken industry. KFC’s nearest competitor – Boston Market (formerly Boston Chicken) and Popeye’s held market share of 12. 3 and 10. 2 percent respectively while KFC held a market share of 58 percent in the chicken segment (KFC. com, 2007). KFC’s global success is credited to its quality management which is the: Quality, Service and Cleanliness (QSC) program to review the quality of the service offered to the customers and to evaluate the company performance. Other than that, the understanding of the customers and satisfying their needs also contributed to KFC’s global success (Reynolds, 2001). Not only so, KFC also has also uses a special marketing tools to promote its product by means of combining PepsiCo product which is the beverage and the products of KFC itself, with these marketing idea, both company KFC and PepsiCo are both generating profits and it is an advantage for KFC since they no longer purchase beverages from outside company. KFC primarily sells chicken pieces, wraps, salads and sandwiches. While its primary focus is fried chicken, KFC also offers a line of grilled and roasted chicken products, side dishes such as mashed potato, sweet corn, coleslaw and desserts. KFC also uses the localization strategy while designing the menu in KFC as a way to adapt to the local taste and culture by also offering beef based products such as hamburgers or kebabs, pork based products such as ribs and other regional fare. On the other hand, judging by the current market growth in China, KFC have absorbed the Chinese cultural elements into its western management style, hence forming an inter-cultural management mode. China’s rapid economic development has opened its door for the fast-food industry and enable KFC to use localization strategy to let Chinese to have the chance to experience western lifestyle with traditional Chinese cultural embedded in it (China Daily, 2004). At present, there are more than 1,000 restaurants in China and they are now increasing at the rate of average 200 stores per year. In 2010, Yum! Brand, the parent company of KFC Corporation expects 36% of their global $2 billion operating profits from 3700 restaurants in China. The success of KFC in China has lead Yum! Brand Inc to be the most successful foreign company in China with 40% market share outstripping competitors like McDonalds (Turner, 2011). Such management mode by KFC has proved that the company has the flexibility to adapt to different cultural and environmental changes. SWOP Analysis SWOT is a tool for auditing the strategies and the environment of an organization for decision making. And it can be classified as Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. (Pahl & Richter, 2007) Strengths KFC is recognize as the second largest fast food chains in the world, the first which being took by its main competitor, McDonalds * Holding over half of the market shares in the fast food industry. * Occupied the china market, KFC defeat McDonald and become the largest fast food chain in China market which contain 1. 3 billion population. * It have been globally recognized and experienced and having strong market in Mexico, Middle East and Asia such as China, Japan, Korea, Thailand and Malaysia. * Earn huge revenue from the franchises and licensing fees. The most major strength of the company is their Brand Equity. * Its secret recipe allowed KFC to set itself apart in the industry and maintained supremacy in the fast food market. * Every year, the profits of the company increases. * KFC have a quality management which called â€Å"Quality, Service and Cleanliness (QSC) program† use to judge the quality of its service offered to the customers and to measure the company performance. Weaknesses * Least focus about their product research and development, they more concerned about their branches expending. Inconsistent quality of services in many outlets by few of its franchises had damaging the brand name and company reputation. * Inflexibility of prices makes it unaffordable to middle class people. * Imbalanced entrance of the franchises to different markets at one time especially too concern the Chinese market has extremely decreased its global growth rate. Opportunities * Besides expanded its target market focus to family and friends of all age brackets, KFC also targeting and tempting the young customer which age between 18 to 24 years old. Dependability of the chicken meat used as the people are scared of infections from eating beef globally. * Focus in Chinese market which known as the world’s faster growing market. * Increased and effective services specially home delivery and drive though services * Induction of new products other than chicken including fish and vegetable in most of its menu in reality the whole menu is balanced and healthy which aim to attract the customers considerably. * Position itself strongly in the global markets, with a vision of increasing market value and market share. Threats * Customer began to demand more healthy and fresh food but KFC was faced with a limited menu and majority consist of fried foods * Faced by slowed sales growth in the fast-food industry, other segments of the industry have turned to new menu offerings, as they have very few products other than their selection† Fried chicken†. * Customer shift to other brand that offering the same products which in lower rates on the prices. * Less economical deals are being offered compare to its biggest competitor McDonalds who offer more cost-effective products. KFC’s Key Challenges KFC Corporation, being one of the largest fast-food chains in the world usually will have challenges that the company will have to overcome in order to retain their market share and reputations. But however, KFC restaurants around the world have various complaints regarding its services provided. It has been reported in United States that a customer was offended by the manner in which she was served. Customers complained that the employees were rude, lazy and negligent to her family and other customers. In the eye of management, a good services will help for t he long term customer relationships. But however, KFC in USA failed to realize the importance of it as employees were not given a proper training regarding good customer services (Eisenback et. al, 2008). According to some of the staff in KFC, there is a lack of communication between the marketing department and the operation of KFC. Marketing department may not give accurate details on the new promotions and new products to the KFC operation nor clearly explain to them about the campaign. This lead to many problems for the operation team as they may be confused about the promotion or coupon and hence might not be able to explain the details to customers with enquiries. In addition, it could affect the efficiency and effectiveness of operation as crewmembers may not be familiar with the new marketing strategies and may not be able to sell the products as the corporate wanted them to be (Lan & Mahmood, 1995). Additionally, KFC in China has also been reported that some KFC restaurants have failed to change their frying oil for four days and also failed to provide fresh soybean milk for customers. The restaurants has been caught for changing the dates for replacing the oil for the purpose of passing examination by district inspectors from the company, and what’s more, the employees also ignore and changed the time on unsold items to make customers believe that they were eating freshly prepared products. The condition of kitchen is also reported to be very unclean and the employees did not follow the food safety regulation such as wearing caps when preparing foods. (China Times, 2009). Despite of the corporate rules on standard operation and regulations, employees at KFC often ignore them. Such incident in KFC would destroy the company’s brand reputation although KFC Corporation claimed that they did provide training booklets which include questions on cross-contamination of food, but because of the lack of supervision, the employees would act whatever they want and ignoring the rules set by the management. The mission of KFC is â€Å"people be the first, customers be the focus† (Yum! Restaurant International, 2003) but however, it is found that KFC did not take proactive approach on listening to customers and employees. There is no systematic customer survey for its products and services. It relies on the branch managers and public relation officers to get the customers’ opinion. Although the website of KFC has a customer service comment box for customers to send suggestion, but KFC ignore those customers who are not computer savvy. Many customers were complaining that customer did not have access to a customer service number and those who were able to reach customer service often received no response. The failure of KFC to deliver efficient service proved that the management does not show concern to their customers and did not make any improvement to take care of the customer’s complaints and thought. Customers are viewed as an important asset of a company and therefore any complaints or opinions from them should be valued by the company (Eisenback et. al, 2008) Other than that, even though KFC has adequate human resources but they are lacking the capabilities. Its mother ompany, PepsiCo, makes wrong decision in its corporate level strategy. They centralize and tightens the control over existing KFC managers and such actions causes the drop of the employee morale. In addition, PepsiCo also limits the rights and powers of the franchisees’ right and power and intents to compete and acquire the franchisees’ units. Such incident has caused a dispute which last for 7 years until 1966. This also make the company performance to drop and drive down KFC’s market shares (Chu, 2003).

Consequences vs Punishment in Classroom Discipline

Consequences vs Punishment in Classroom Discipline Consequences are an important part of the behavior management plan for your classroom, whether it is a self-contained special education classroom, a resource room or a partnership in a full inclusion classroom. Behaviorist research has clearly shown that punishment does not work. It makes a behavior disappear as long as the punisher is not around, but will reappear. With disabled children, especially children on the autistic spectrum, punishment may only reinforce aggression, self-injurious behavior and aggression sublimated as self-urination or even fecal smearing. Punishment includes inflicting pain, removal of preferred food and isolation. Consequences are the positive or negative results of the behavior choices a person makes. Natural Versus Logical Consequences According to Adlerian psychology, as well as Jim Fay an author of Teaching with Love and Logic, there are natural consequences, and there are logical consequences: Natural consequences are the consequences that naturally come from choices, even bad choices. If a child plays with fire, he or she will get burned. If a child runs into the street, the child will get hurt. Obviously, some natural consequences are dangerous and we want to avoid them.Logical consequences are consequences that teach because they are related to the behavior. If you ride your bike into the street when you are three, the bike gets put away for 3 days because it is not safe for you to ride your bicycle. If you throw your food on the floor, you will finish your meal at the kitchen counter, because you dont eat nicely enough for the dining room. Classroom Routines and Consequences Why would you punish for failure to follow a classroom routine? Isnt your goal for the child to follow the classroom routine? Have him or her do it again until he or she does it right. This is not actually a consequence: it is over-teaching, and it is also truly negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement is not punishment. Negative reinforcement makes the likelihood of a behavior to appear by removing the reinforcer. Kids will remember the routine rather than have to practice it over and over again, especially in front of peers. When over-teaching a routine be sure to stay objective and non-emotional. For example: Jon, would you please walk back to your seat? Thank you. When youre ready, Id like you to line up quietly, and keep your hands and feet to yourself. Thank you. That was much better. Be sure you practice your routines ad nauseum. Be sure your students understand that you expect them to follow the routines properly for the good of the class and because your class is the best, brightest and is learning more than anyone else on the planet. Consequences for Breaking School Rules In most situations, the principal is responsible for enforcing school-wide rules, and in a well-managed building, consequences will be spelled out clearly. Consequences may include: After school detention under the principal or dean of students supervision.Conference with parents.Loss of recess privileges.Suspension Consequences for Classroom Rules If you have successfully established routines through modeling, practice and relearning, you should have little need for consequences. Consequences should be kept for serious rule-breaking, and children with a history of disruptive behavior need to have a Functional Behavior Analysis administered, either by the special educator, a psychologist or a behavior specialist. In those situations, you need to think seriously about the purpose of the behavior and the replacement behavior you wish to see take its place, or replacement behavior. In most cases, post stepped consequences for infractions. Start every student at zero, and find a way to move children up the hierarchy of consequences due to the number of infractions. A hierarchy may go like this: One infraction: WarningTwo infractions: Loss of 15 minutes of recess.Three infractions: Loss of recess, a note home to be signed by the parent.Four infractions: After school detention, note home to be signed by the parent.Two consecutive days with 4 or more infractions: Conference with parents to discuss a plan of action, contract, or loss of privileges at home. Loss of Privileges Loss of privileges is perhaps the best consequence for infractions of rules, especially privileges related to the rules. If a child fools around in the bathroom, swinging on the stall doors or peeing on the floor. The child should lose independent bathroom privileges, and only be allowed to use the restroom when supervised. It is helpful to have a class agreement to cover the rules and consequences. Publish the rules and the consequence hierarchy, and send it home with a receipt to be signed by the parents. That way, if you use detentions, you can let parents know that it is a consequence. You may especially have problems with after-school detention depending on whether parents have transportation, or are free to walk their child home after school. It is always good to have alternate consequences Consequences should always be related to what is important to the children in your class. A teacher should take care that a child does not use the consequence system to get attention, for then it is counterproductive. For those children, a behavior contract might be a successful step before pursuing a Behavior Intervention Plan.

The Arctic Tundra

The Arctic Tundra LocationThe Tundra is located in the northern regions of North America, Europe, Asia, as well as a few regions of Antarctica. The Tundra is the second largest vegetation zone in Canada. It can be divided clearly into three different sections: the High Arctic Tundra, the Low Arctic Tundra and the Alpine Tundra. The latter Alpine Tundra occurs in higher altitudes such as mountains whereas the first two are mainly based in plains and lowlands of some kind. The Low Arctic Tundra is the transmission point to the north. It is located above Canada's Boreal forests and is followed by the High Arctic Tundra. The High Arctic Tundra is located farther north and encompasses the Arctic circle as well as most of the western Northwest Territories. Generally though since climate more or less corresponds to vegetation zones, the Tundra is located in Arctic climate areas.TemperatureThe Tundra suffers a very harsh climate.Photo of tundra vegetation on Alaska's coastal pla...Because of this fact most of the area remains barren save for a few shrubs and lichens. It's winters last from 8-10 months and the summers are cool and short. Also due to the fact that much of it's territory is located within the northern pole a lot of the Tundra receives alternating 6 month periods of light and dark. This is also the reason why the Tundra receives cold weather; at it's degree of latitude the suns rays end up hitting the region obliquely, thus causing less solar heat. Here are the temperatures of the Tundra in general:Average January temperature: -32.1 degrees CelsiusAverage July temperature: +4.1 degrees CelsiusTemperature range: 36.2 degrees CelsiusAverage annual temperature: -17 degrees CelsiusLowest temperature recorded: -52.5 degrees CelsiusHighest temperature recorded: +18.3 degrees CelsiusAfter seeing these temperatures you can see the reason why...

Linear Regression Analysis; Women make less than men

Linear Regression Analysis; Women make less than men Free Online Research Papers Regression analysis is a statistical tool used to estimate the value of variable based on the value of another (University of Phoenix, 2004, p. 429). The goal of regression analysis is to determine the values of parameters for a function that cause the function to best fit a set of selected data observations. Team C will be using the data from our research to confirm the hypothesis. The team will be using the five-step hypothesis process to determine whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis. The analysis will assist by providing numerical data and facts. The analysis we will be using is the Linear Regression analysis. By the end of this research, Team C should be able to prove whether or not women make less money than men. Women today take on many roles and responsibilities. Not only do they work, but they also have other responsibilities in addition to their wife and motherly duties. Even with those increased responsibilities, women today hold some of the most top positions in the world and they have come this far through continuous education. According to Krefting, although women tend to go to school longer than men; they get educated in fields that don’t pay that much. Most women find jobs in childcare; hospitality; nursing; teaching; and; counseling. Men on the other hand are construction workers; engineers; sociologists; and firemen. Though men might not go to school to practice construction it may be just a talent that they have and they are paid a lot for it; but women have to work harder to move up in salary and in job positions (Krefting, 2003). Hypothesis Statement Based on the data sets, the hypothesis for our research shows is that men make higher salary than women. The data provides a comparison on income earnings based on men versus women with the influence of education. The data confirms the disproportion in income between the genders and education. By viewing the data, men’s salaries are substantially more on an annual basis. Even with the men and women having the same education levels, men are paid substantially more than the women with the same level of education. The data confirms the hypothesis that males with similar education levels make more money than women. The null hypothesis states that income depends on the gender and the mean salaries for women with a higher education still make less than a man with the same education level. The alternative hypothesis states that the income for women with a higher education is higher than the average income earnings of men with the same education level. The hypothesis is that women that have the same level of education as men and are given less pay for the same job position. Five-Step Hypothesis Test Regression Analysis Conclusion Team C has proven the hypothesis to be correct. The final decision is that women do make less money than men. This was proven through the data that we collected and analyzed through the numerical data shown. (Appendix I) The results show that even though women are educated and they may have masters and doctrines degrees, their male counterparts still make more money than they do on an annual basis. Although our hypothesis has been tested and results confirmed, the following questions are still unanswered. When will women be able to be on the same field as men? When will they be able to feel that they are equal in the workplace, and there is no favoritism present at work? Reference Longley, R. (n.d.).Why women still make less than men: Death, taxes, and a glass ceiling. Retrieved on May 25, 2009, from http://usgovinfo.about.com/cs/censusstatistic/a/womenspay.htm Dessler, G. (2004). A framework for human resource management (Third Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Doan, D. Seward, L. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved May 24, 2009, from https://mycampus.phoenix.eduFouts, C. (2008). Krefting, L. (2003, March). Gender, work, and organization: Intertwined discourses of merit and gender: Evidence from academic employment in the USA. Retrieved May 31, 2009, from http://classroom.phoenix.edu/afm214/secure/viewattachment.jspa?ID=8414888messageID=41100199name=interwined discourses of merit and gender evidence.pdfview=inline StatPac Inc (1997-2009). The Statistics Calculator; Statistical Analysis Tests At Your Fingertips. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on June 8, 2009 at statpac.com/statistics-calculator/counts.htm Zoppo, G. (April 28, 2009). Why Are Women Still Earning Less Than Men? Retrieved from the World Wide Web on June 1, 2009 at diversityinc.com/public/5809.cfm. Appendix I Female Male Wage Comparison Data Table Wage Industry Occupation Ed South Nonwhite Hispanic Fe Ex Marr Age Union 11186 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 20852 0 0 12 1 0 0 0 1 0 19 0 10997 0 4 14 0 1 0 0 0 0 20 0 14476 0 5 12 0 0 0 1 3 1 21 0 13787 0 4 11 0 0 0 0 4 1 21 0 19452 0 4 13 0 1 0 0 3 0 22 0 16667 0 3 12 1 0 0 0 4 0 22 0 15234 0 1 12 1 0 1 1 4 0 22 0 39888 0 3 12 1 0 0 0 5 0 23 0 13162 1 0 12 0 1 0 0 6 0 24 1 20793 0 0 12 1 0 0 1 6 0 24 0 19284 1 4 16 0 0 0 0 3 0 25 0 13481 0 4 12 1 0 1 0 7 0 25 0 16789 0 3 13 1 0 0 1 6 1 25 0 11702 0 2 14 1 0 0 1 6 1 26 0 11451 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 8 1 26 0 33351 0 5 16 1 0 0 1 4 1 26 0 37771 0 5 15 0 0 0 0 5 0 26 0 25670 0 3 13 0 0 0 1 8 0 27 1 13312 0 4 12 1 0 0 1 9 1 27 0 29191 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 9 0 27 0 41780 0 0 12 1 0 0 0 9 1 27 0 29977 0 4 16 0 1 0 1 6 1 28 0 25166 0 4 12 0 0 0 1 10 0 28 0 30308 0 4 12 0 0 0 0 10 1 28 0 83443 0 5 17 0 0 0 1 5 0 28 0 15957 0 2 12 1 0 0 1 10 0 28 0 21716 0 5 12 0 0 0 1 11 0 29 0 33461 0 1 16 0 0 1 0 7 1 29 1 28219 0 3 12 1 0 0 0 12 1 30 0 31691 1 0 12 0 0 0 0 13 0 31 0 60626 0 5 18 0 0 0 0 7 1 31 0 52762 0 5 18 0 0 0 0 7 1 31 0 22133 0 5 16 0 0 0 1 10 0 32 1 32094 0 3 12 1 0 0 1 14 1 32 0 16796 0 4 12 0 0 0 1 14 1 32 0 35185 1 3 14 0 0 0 1 12 1 32 0 17690 0 1 12 1 1 0 0 14 1 32 0 15193 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 15 0 33 0 75165 0 1 15 0 0 0 0 12 1 33 0 19227 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 15 1 33 0 50235 1 0 16 0 0 0 0 12 1 34 0 44543 0 2 18 0 0 0 0 10 1 34 0 24509 0 5 14 0 0 1 1 15 0 35 0 29407 0 4 10 1 0 0 0 19 0 35 0 34746 0 3 14 1 0 0 1 15 1 35 0 68573 0 5 16 1 0 0 0 14 1 36 1 28168 1 0 13 0 0 0 0 17 0 36 0 18121 1 3 12 0 0 0 1 18 1 36 0 33498 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 20 1 36 0 29390 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 18 1 37 0 26614 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 19 1 37 0 33411 1 2 12 1 0 0 0 20 1 38 0 22485 0 3 12 0 0 0 0 22 0 40 0 83601 0 5 17 0 0 1 0 18 1 41 0 55777 0 1 14 1 0 0 0 21 1 41 0 21994 0 1 12 0 0 0 1 24 1 42 0 32138 0 4 14 0 0 0 0 22 1 42 1 13318 1 0 11 1 0 0 1 25 1 42 1 33389 0 1 14 0 1 0 0 22 0 42 0 50187 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 24 1 42 0 28440 0 4 12 0 0 0 1 24 1 42 0 37664 0 5 18 0 0 0 0 19 1 43 0 15013 0 4 16 0 0 0 0 21 1 43 0 30133 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 27 1 43 0 31799 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 25 0 43 0 29809 0 4 8 0 1 0 1 29 0 43 0 16817 0 3 12 1 0 0 1 26 0 44 0 66738 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 29 1 44 0 9879 0 3 12 1 0 0 1 28 1 46 0 34484 0 3 13 1 0 0 1 28 0 47 0 49974 1 1 16 0 1 0 0 26 1 48 1 31304 0 1 16 0 0 0 1 26 1 48 0 33959 0 5 17 0 0 0 1 26 1 49 1 30006 1 3 16 0 0 0 1 27 1 49 0 19306 0 5 9 1 1 0 1 34 1 49 1 11780 0 2 11 0 0 0 1 33 1 50 0 49898 2 0 12 0 0 0 0 33 1 51 1 17694 0 4 8 0 0 0 1 38 1 52 0 57623 0 1 15 0 0 0 0 31 1 52 0 83569 0 1 18 0 0 0 0 29 1 53 0 23027 0 4 14 0 1 0 0 34 1 54 1 32786 1 0 11 1 0 0 0 37 1 54 1 46646 2 0 5 1 0 0 0 44 1 55 0 20852 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 38 1 56 0 32235 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 38 1 56 0 19388 1 0 6 1 0 0 0 45 1 57 0 26820 0 5 18 0 0 0 0 33 0 57 1 26795 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 44 1 57 0 50171 0 5 12 0 0 0 0 39 1 57 1 31702 0 3 12 1 0 0 1 39 1 57 0 36178 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 40 1 58 0 15160 0 4 8 1 0 0 1 45 0 59 0 12285 0 1 12 0 0 0 1 42 1 60 0 60152 0 5 16 1 0 0 0 38 1 60 0 29736 0 4 8 0 0 1 0 47 1 61 1 45976 0 2 12 0 0 0 0 43 1 61 1 18752 0 4 11 0 0 0 1 45 0 62 1 17626 0 3 12 0 0 0 1 45 1 63 0 19981 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 54 1 64 0 Research Papers on Linear Regression Analysis; Women make less than menResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Fifth HorsemanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThree Concepts of Psychodynamic19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraStandardized Testing

Critically examine the claim that notions of race have significantly Essay

Critically examine the claim that notions of race have significantly in formed the developments of socil policy - Essay Example A principal concern is analytic and normative examination of the development of welfare states". However, it is stated in (Welfare and Society) that "Social policy draws on sociology to explain the social context of welfare provision. If we are trying to improve people's welfare, it is helpful to try to understand something about the way that people are, and how welfare policies relate to their situation". Is the basic element under Social Policy which needed to make analysis on it, including it policies and much other aspect related to it. (Defining Multiculturalism, 2006.) "Multiculturalism, at its most basic essence, as it has meant to us this past year, means tolerance and understanding, if not acceptance, of other ideas and beliefs in different cultures. It means celebrating what is common in our cultural heritage and gaining genuine knowledge of what is different. It means banishing stereotypes yet working with diverse strengths". Professor Gregory Joy (2002) states that "Historically, "multiculturalism" came into wide public use during the early 1980s in the context of public school curriculum reform. Specifically, the argument was made that the content of classes in history, literature, social studies, and other areas reflected what came to be called a "Eurocentric" bias. Few if any women or people of color, or people from outside the Western European tradition, appeared prominently in the curriculums of schools in the United States. This material absence was also interpreted as a value judgment that reinforced unhealthy ethnocentric and even racist attitudes". MULTICULTURAL POLICY: Denis Ralph (1996), in National Agenda for Multicultural Australia states Policies Principles. "Cultural identity: the right of all children, students, families and employees to maintain, develop and renew, and not merely preserve, their cultural and linguistic heritage Access and equity: the right of all children, students, families and employees to equality of opportunity, ready and appropriate access to care and education services and equitable outcomes . Maximizing potential: the right of all children and students to quality education and care that provides knowledge, skills and understanding that will enable them to participate effectively in culturally and linguistically diverse societies on a national and international level". CRTICISM ON MULTICULTURALISM Meanwhile, despite the advantages of its policies, there is lots of criticism surrounding the implementation of multiculturalism. (Christine Ingline) mentions that "One of the strongest statements of the dangers inherent in cultural diversity is Huntington's highly contentious thesis on the clash of civilizations in which religion is argued to play a crucial role. The theoretical support for this and similar expressions of fear about the continuing threats to social cohesion posed by ethnic and cultural diversity derives from one strand of theorizing about modernity. Contrary to the earlier theories on the declining importance of ethnicity, it is argued that the contemporary processes of modernization and globalization are actively contributing to the growing importance of ethnicity and the increased significance of communitarian ties." (Christine Inglin

USA Trade to Latin America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

USA Trade to Latin America - Research Paper Example Trade between the United States and Latin America grew to approximately 82 % between 1998 and 2009, more than the 52% with the European Union, 72% with Asia, and 64 % for the rest of the world, according to the Congressional Research Service (Hornbeck, 2011). Last year’s growth elevated trade between the United States, and the region to a historic high of $772 million (Weintraub, Rugman &Boyd, 2004). Exports to the region have grown by 22%, while imports reached increased to 20 percent. Growth in trade between the United States and the Latin America has traditionally been high. This is because of the high population of Hispanics living in the United States and Latin America’s proximity to the U.S. There are approximately over 50 million Hispanics living in the United States. Latin American countries have made prominent advancement in trade liberalization over the past three decades, reducing tariffs significantly and entering into multiple subregional agreements of their own. Countries such as Chile, Peru, Brazil and Colombia helped through their efforts to liberalize trade and become more competitive. Recently, Colombia and the United States signed a free-trade agreement. Early Latin American trade agreements (1960s) were inward looking, defensive in nature, exclusive of industrialized countries, and so minimally successful in leading to lasting regional integration and facilitating development. Agreements struck more recently, under the rubric of the â€Å"New Regionalism,† have gone farther, cultivated by the desire to integrate more fully, and by the growing belief, that trade liberalization can be a cornerstone for promoting structural reform, development, and international competitiveness. Historically, growth in U.S. trade with Latin America has outpaced that of all other regions, and over the last 15 years, the United States has signed reciprocal free trade agreements (FTAs) with 11 Latin American countries and implemented with nine of them. These include the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and bilateral FTAs with Peru and Chille. FTAs with Col ombia and Panama were signed but not implemented, as they awaited congressional action. Still, a number of large economies in South America are not part of U.S. FTAs. They have resisted a region wide agreement, the Free Trade Areas of the Americas (FTAA) because it represented an extension of the same trade model used by the United States in bilateral agreements. Many countries south of the Caribbean Basin have been hesitant in entering into such a deal because it does not meet their principal negotiation objectives. Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela do not rely on U.S. regional unilateral preferential arrangements (e.g., the Caribbean Basin Initiative or Andean Trade Preference Act), and would have to redefine their sub regional trade pacts). They are less compelled to capitulate to U.S. demands because they are far less dependent on the U.S. economy (Chauffor & Maur, 2011) On the other hand, Chile, which has long followed a policy differing from that of its neighbours, has signed t he Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (P4) with Singapore, New Zealand and Brunei. The P4 came into force in May 2006. All party countries are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. The United States was to join the group as well, but has not yet done so. The US also

3rd Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

3rd Report - Assignment Example It is for this reason, among others, that journalists are victimized, harassed, assaulted, imprisoned, and even killed. The categories of journalists who are greatly affected are foreign journalist. This essay will highlight these challenges, by giving an investigative report of two jailed foreign journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee. It will examine their work prior to their arrest, their arrest and trial, their sentencing, and the interventions that led to their release. Finally, it will give a conclusion. Euna Lee and Laura Ling are journalists living and working in the United States. Euna Lee is an American of Korean descent while Laura Ling is a Chinese American. They are both journalists at a Television station, Current TV, based in California. Current TV, which broadcasts from San Francisco was co-founded Al Gore who is a former vice-president of the US. Ling works as the station’s news editor, while Lee is the news editor. In the year 2009, the duo began work on a documentary whose intention was to highlight the plight of North Koreans attempting to run away from the dictator government in Pyongyang, North Korea’s capital, into China across the Tumen River (Human Rights Watch, 69). This was the genesis of their troubles with the isolated communist country. The investigative work of Lee and Ling took the duo to China, a longtime ally and cross border neighbor of North Korea but whose laws were a bit friendly to foreign journalists. China was thus a strategic country to launch investigations from. This is mostly so because it shares a border with North Korea which refugees use to cross over. Lee and Ling would thus be able to launch their investigations about human trafficking and the issue of refugees, and tell the story to the world through their documentary. However, they had to conduct all their operations within the borders of China. Otherwise, they would be arrested and

Quality and Service Improvements Lead to Enhanced Company Revenues and Essay

Quality and Service Improvements Lead to Enhanced Company Revenues and Higher Margins - Essay Example Do quality and service improvements related efforts add cost to the production operations, or does it cut down wastage, improve product appeal and thus generate greater revenues Disjointed quality related efforts add expenses and do not contribute extra profits to the bottom line. Where as sincere efforts with active participation of all layers of an enterprise can rejuvenate and reinvigorate the entire organization and provide commendable competitive advantage. Having said all this we need to know what exactly quality is as identification of quality would result in its improvement and thus increase revenues. Literally quality originates from the Latin word 'qualis' which can be translated as 'such as the thing really is'. Quality has various meanings and each has a depth within itself. Before starting of with how quality and service results in enhanced profits we will identify what actually quality is and how various gurus have identified quality as. Quality itself has been defined as the ongoing process of building and sustaining relationships by assessing, anticipating, and fulfilling stated and implied needs.' (Winder, Richard E. and Judd, Daniel K., 1996, organizational orienteering: Linking Deming, Covey, and Senge in an Integrated Five Dimension Quality Model). Quality is all about conformance to requirements or fitness for use which can be defined through five principal approaches: (1) Transcendent quality is an ideal, a condition of excellence. (2) Product-based quality is based on a product attribute. (3) User-based quality is fitness for use. (4) Manufacturing-based quality is conformance to requirements. (5) Value-based quality is the degree of excellence at an acceptable price. Also, quality has two major components: (1) quality of conformance-quality is defined by the absence of defects, and (2) quality of design-quality is measured by the degree of customer satisfaction with a product's characteristics and features. (http://scrc.ncsu.edu/public/d efinitions.html). Quality management enhances an organization's profits and gets them greater margins. The importance of quality can be seen by the fact that we as customers never want to associate our selves with a bad quality product. That can be with respect to: Performance Features Reliability Durability Conformance Serviceability Responsiveness Competence communication Credibility Access security Aesthetics Perceived quality This not only results in you never availing that service or product but spreading the word around to others you concerned with. This obviously affects the sales of the product or service causing problems for the organization. Goodman et al. (2000), based on a range of studies carried out by TARP (Technical Assistance Research Programs), states: Quality and service improvements can be directly and logically linked to enhanced revenue within one's own company; and secondly, higher quality allows companies to obtain higher margins. These arguments were proven by various surveys which resulted in the following conclusions which prove the relation of quality and service improvements to the revenues and profits of the organization. (Source: CMC Partnership Ltd. (1991)) - Problems decrease customer loyalty by 15 per cent to 30 per cent: - 50 per cent of individual consumers and 25 per cent of business customers who have problems never complain

Learning Theory Applications Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Learning Theory Applications - Research Paper Example They looked at the major themes in history and let students relate it to their own lives, allowing each student’s culture to be part of the curriculum. Dean and Gilbert took the roles as facilitators during the activity. Students analyzed the information, talked about the text, related it to their personal lives and thus, created meaningful learning experiences in the class. Yvonne Scott used the butterfly project which allowed students to plan among each other their roles based on their interest and strengths. The students created â€Å"departments,† and the class was run like a business/company. Suggestion: Not all students were able to express their ideas, and there were just quite a number who dominated the exchange of opinions. Working in small groups and making sure that everyone speaks at the beginning can encourage more students to participate in the discussion. Avram Barlow recreates the zeitgeist at the time when the laws were created and makes the students put themselves in the shoes of the law makers and civilians, and let them express their opinions and feelings about these laws. Barlow clarifies and rephrases the ideas put forth by the students. This form of feedback validates what they said, and ensures that students that they are listened to. Barlow also makes sure that they stay within the questions and objectives of the discussion. He restates the questions when it appears that they are getting off topic. Shaheen acknowledges students vary in the assistance that they need. He is more confident of students who take notes during discussion and those who take risks. He gave tips on how a student gives feedback and demonstrates how this will be helpful to her peer. Suggestion: Students who are not very comfortable may not initially want to work in groups. Paired work may be given first while gradually moving into small groups. This initially establishes mutual trust and a safe

Quality and Service Improvements Lead to Enhanced Company Revenues and Essay

Quality and Service Improvements Lead to Enhanced Company Revenues and Higher Margins - Essay Example Do quality and service improvements related efforts add cost to the production operations, or does it cut down wastage, improve product appeal and thus generate greater revenues Disjointed quality related efforts add expenses and do not contribute extra profits to the bottom line. Where as sincere efforts with active participation of all layers of an enterprise can rejuvenate and reinvigorate the entire organization and provide commendable competitive advantage. Having said all this we need to know what exactly quality is as identification of quality would result in its improvement and thus increase revenues. Literally quality originates from the Latin word 'qualis' which can be translated as 'such as the thing really is'. Quality has various meanings and each has a depth within itself. Before starting of with how quality and service results in enhanced profits we will identify what actually quality is and how various gurus have identified quality as. Quality itself has been defined as the ongoing process of building and sustaining relationships by assessing, anticipating, and fulfilling stated and implied needs.' (Winder, Richard E. and Judd, Daniel K., 1996, organizational orienteering: Linking Deming, Covey, and Senge in an Integrated Five Dimension Quality Model). Quality is all about conformance to requirements or fitness for use which can be defined through five principal approaches: (1) Transcendent quality is an ideal, a condition of excellence. (2) Product-based quality is based on a product attribute. (3) User-based quality is fitness for use. (4) Manufacturing-based quality is conformance to requirements. (5) Value-based quality is the degree of excellence at an acceptable price. Also, quality has two major components: (1) quality of conformance-quality is defined by the absence of defects, and (2) quality of design-quality is measured by the degree of customer satisfaction with a product's characteristics and features. (http://scrc.ncsu.edu/public/d efinitions.html). Quality management enhances an organization's profits and gets them greater margins. The importance of quality can be seen by the fact that we as customers never want to associate our selves with a bad quality product. That can be with respect to: Performance Features Reliability Durability Conformance Serviceability Responsiveness Competence communication Credibility Access security Aesthetics Perceived quality This not only results in you never availing that service or product but spreading the word around to others you concerned with. This obviously affects the sales of the product or service causing problems for the organization. Goodman et al. (2000), based on a range of studies carried out by TARP (Technical Assistance Research Programs), states: Quality and service improvements can be directly and logically linked to enhanced revenue within one's own company; and secondly, higher quality allows companies to obtain higher margins. These arguments were proven by various surveys which resulted in the following conclusions which prove the relation of quality and service improvements to the revenues and profits of the organization. (Source: CMC Partnership Ltd. (1991)) - Problems decrease customer loyalty by 15 per cent to 30 per cent: - 50 per cent of individual consumers and 25 per cent of business customers who have problems never complain

Language and ethnicity -Ethnic related speech mitigation and PDI Essay

Language and ethnicity -Ethnic related speech mitigation and PDI effect - Essay Example This paper will also examine the concept of Power Distance Index, and how it affects speech. In addition to this, this paper will explain the difference between high PDI and low PDI countries. This paper will further analyze the success rate based on the PDI of the community. The idea of speech code came about as a result of the coding principle by Basil Bernstein and the programmatic approach that Hymes adopted to communication. The combination of the two concepts saw to the development of the concept that speech code is. Basil Bernstein, a British psychologist, noted that different social classes or social differences can exist within one society. While these differences include language features, they also entail coding principles, which dictate communicative conduct. Coding principle, according to Bernstein, refers to the rule that governs what to say, and depending on the context, how to say it (Sadovnik, 2001). Method According to Bernstein’s theory on coding principle, speakers are directed to rely on shared context of communication, other than only the verbal communication. When this happens, the speaker can communicate more effectively since they are aware that in addition to their words, the signals, and non-verbal cues they use also dictate the meaning they send forth. The coding principles used vary according to the socioeconomic differences of the people involved. Even though, a community shares a similar language, different socioeconomic groups value different ways of communicating; in other words, the coding principle. In his theory, Bernstein claimed that the use, and value placed on the coding of language, is influenced by the socioeconomic conditions (Philipsen, 2007). Three coding principles are usually used in linguistics, and these are informativity, rigidity, and attenuation. Using these three principles, the same set of words may have different meanings to different groups of persons. The structure and interaction patterns that cha racterize a family influence the way the members in focus express themselves. The use of language, and the way it is coded is also sensitive to the social organization of the society, and the correlative differences in the family (Sharifian, 2007). Judith Orasanu and Ute Fischer carried out a study on â€Å"Cultural Diversity and Crew Communication.† This study carried out in 1999 involved dialogue between an aircraft officer, and his first officer. In their study, they established that nationality played an important role in influencing communication. This is evident when the modes of communication of different communities are put into consideration. Communication in Korean and Japanese communities is accentuated with symbols, facial expressions, and other gestures. These are aspects of receiver oriented speech. The main focus is on getting information across to the recipient of the information. In contrast to this, there is transmitter oriented speech. Here, the speaker aim s to get out his point without being overly concerned with whether or not the recipient gets the intended information. This is characteristic with Danish, or Swedish communication. The source of information basically uses communication aspects he feels will get his message out in the best way possible. Focus is on getting the message out, and not across. Performance Distance Index (PDI) A society that records a

Midsummer Nights Dream by Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Midsummer Nights Dream by Shakespeare Essay A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare frequently explores the complex types of love. Love is timeless subject. It will forever be the theme of much popular entertainment and the source of conflict for many men and women. No one understands the theme of love greater than Shakespeare and therefore I will look at how conflict is developed through love in Midsummer Nights Dream At the start of the play, Shakespeare explores the theme of love through the characters Theseus and Hippolyta. Theseus seduces Hippolyta. I wound you with my sword and one by love The quote shows the conflict caused by love between Theseus and Hippolyta in form of a battle. Shakespeares purpose was to introduce the idea that love involves conflict through this scene. The audience begins to engage with the theme of love as it creates crises to the plot. This idea that love involves conflict is developed when Hermia and Lycander are bought in front of Theseus. Hermia wishes to marry her romantic love Lysander but her father Igneus has power over her as by law and paternal love. Shakespeare presents for us the conflict between eternal and romantic love. The course of true love never went so smooth-Lysander. This quote proves that love brings hard times and conflicts during its timeless life. The audience develops the theme of love and the conflict that can be caused by inter-relation of love. The conflict between relations of love is developed further as Helenas love for Demetrius is not returned to her but to her best friend Hermia. Shakespeare shows how the platonic love between Helena and Hermia suffers due to Helenas obsessive love towards Lysander and Hermias romantic love for Lysander. Sickness is catching, yours would I catch!-Helena to Hermia. The effect of this is that the audience presents himself/herself to believe if one love blooms, the other may suffer. In the middle of the play the conflict between love through reason and blind  love are clearly shown through characters Bottom and Titania. Titania, under the influence of the magic potion symbolizes love at first sight and falls in love with Bottom while Bottom symbolizes love for reason and fails to see why she loves him. Truth, reason, and love keep little company these days Through the quote Bottom describes the conflict which the two types of love have in that blind love masks and hides all reasons of love. Shakespeare shows the nonsense and humor of love at first sight. Conflicts in love in Midsummer Nights Dream are resolved in all happy endings; Theseus marries Hippolyta, 4 nobles married. This is where Shakespeare loses his reality because it is a play. A conflict caused by love lasts for a lifetime in reality but a play must end in with a happy ending as it is purely for entertainment and therefore Shakespeare finishes this way. We can argue that Shakespeare may have done this to show that loves other than reason are more common than reason. The theme of love causes many conflicts. It breaks friendships, paternal love, and romantic love. Even if the love is strong it can be broken. Shakespeare persuades audience that love for reason is less common but it is better for all the right reasons. Shakespeare uses love between characters to develop conflicts throughout A Midsummer Nights Dream

How Ge Teaches Teams To Lead Change Management Essay

How Ge Teaches Teams To Lead Change Management Essay The purpose of the program was to support CEO Jeffery R. Immelts priority of growing GE by focusing more on expanding businesses and creating new ones than on making acquisitions. This program was effective for the company for many reasons and brought many advantages to it. For example, the business has accelerated its push into emerging markets, launched initiatives to revamp product development, and stepped up efforts to create new businesses. The reasons for why this program was so effective were because: the managers were given an opportunity to reach consensus on the barriers to change; both the hard and the soft ones. Furthermore, the challenge of balancing the short term and the long term was also addressed. The course also created a common vocabulary of change that became part of daily communications inside and across GEs businesses. This program was structured so that a team would emerge with the first draft of an action plan for instituting change in its business and would feel obligated to deliver on it. In September 2001, Jeff Immelt had launched an all-out effort to make GE as renowned for innovation and organic growth as it was for operational excellence. The main force behind GEs successes was its headquarters. Immelt understood that to speed progress, he needed to pass the baton to teams leading GEs businesses-which is where LIG came in. They reorganized functions such as sales and engineering and gave local teams more authority so that the leadership could extract itself from the problems of the present and spend more time on opportunities that would create the future. The purpose of LIG was to make innovation and growth as much of a religion at GE as Six Sigma had been under Jack Welch. Before a team went to Crotonville, it had done three things: It had updated its three-year strategy, the growth playbook. All its members had undergone a 360 review, and the teams scores on the growth values had been tabulated and analyzed in granular detail. Finally, its success in creating an innovative climate had been assessed. At the end of the course each team had about 20 minutes to deliver a presentation to Immelt. The presentation had to include a simplified vision of growth for the business and the organizational, cultural, and capability changes that the team members had decided should be made in order to optimize growth. LIGs team-based approach addresses shortcomings inherent in the individual-focused approach used by traditional management education programs. The LIG was a radical departure for GE, because it removed intact leadership teams from the exigencies of their business and allowed them to discuss the white space in a candid, introspective fashion for four whole days. In order to achieve the business goals in the organization, leaders should know in advance which things to do and how to do them. For example, taking a place in new markets or an expansion into different markets. After that they should decide which leadership style they want to use in order to fit in the new markets, all this by designing effective plans to manage themselves, subordinates and organization. Introduction/Paper discussion Titles and positions have always been important in our life and especially within organizational environment. People tend to get blinded by the titles that they have, and this influences the peoples behavior. The topic that we have chosen to analyze is about the type of power that leaders possess and how this could influence the effectiveness of being a leader. We have also chosen to talk about how powerful leaders with and without formal titles are. This is also because titles have always been present in our lives and they influence the image that we have of a person. We wanted to relate this to leaders. Theories have always discussed the importance of leadership and formal power, while based on our own experience, there are less researches done about informal power and its influence on leadership. Most people take formal positions and titles for granted. They always associate the amount of power a certain person has with the titles that they possess. We decided to take a deeper look at the influence of leaders with informal power on their workers and how this is different from the influence of leaders with formal positions. The main question of this analysis is: How would leaders with informal power influence their workers? The purpose of this study is to find out how leaders with informal positions motivate their workers to follow them and what the differences are between leaders with formal and informal power. Theoretical Perspectives We will start this analysis by looking at different article to get an insight on earlier discussions and researches about the topic. We will also research other articles that will support the case and help us answer the main question. In order to support our case, first we wanted to know the difference between formal and informal leaders. This is important because informal leaders dont have any formal authorized positions. This part will give us an insight on how informal leaders would influence others. The traits and skills of the informal leaders will also be mentioned here. After that, the difference between formal and informal power will be discussed. The reason of why we have chosen to discuss this is because it will give us an understanding of power and the link between power and leadership. Titles and leaders will also be discusses so that we would get clear insight about the link between titles and leaders. Furthermore, the influence of titles will also be mentioned in order to see how titles influence leaders and then eventually their ability to influence followers. After doing this analysis based on the earlier discussions and different arguments from varied studies and articles, we will use the book of Leadership in Organizations, written by Gray Yukl. The topic will be analyzed based on the concepts in this book. Theoretical Discussion Formal and Informal Leaders We will start our analysis by talking about formal and informal leaders and the differences between them. The article that is used here is a study done by the Ohio State University. Informal leaders are related to people who dont have any formal titles in the organization. They are seen as worthy of paying attention to, or following. People think that informal leaders have a certain trait that make the others in the organization pay attention to them and also follow them. While formal leaders hold a certain position and a formal authority in the organization, informal leaders dont. People choose to follow informal leaders because they want to, but with formal leaders they are obligated to follow them otherwise they would have to face the consequences of not complying. Informal leaders are able to make others follow them through their ability to gain followers respect, trust and confidence. The personal traits and skills that informal leaders have, can replace the formal power or position that they dont have. Informal leaders appear to treat everyone with dignity and respect. They exhibit honesty and dignity and emphasise service above self and they are more likely to build trust. Formal and Informal Power In order to get an understanding of power and the link between power and leadership we chose to analyze the formal and informal power. The article from University of Valencia, Spain is used to support our analysis. Formal power is based on the availability or capability to control the exchange of socially valued restricted goods whose distribution is related to the position in the organisation of hierarchy. Formal power is exercised in a top-down manner. The superiors exert formal power on the subordinates while the opposite is not the case. Therefore, it can be expected that a power agent holding a higher hierarchical position than that of the target will hold more formal power over the target than peers or subordinates. Informal power is based on positive interpersonal relations, involving the exchange of social support, referent relationships, or knowledge, or socially valued unrestricted goods. Informal power, not being necessarily associated with formal structure, can flow in all directions. However, positions in the hierarchies affect the development of personal relationships. Dyadic cohesion develops through an emotional/affective process characteristic of equal-power relations that can be obstructed by the unequal relationships that characterize formal power relationships. Taking this into account, it can be expected that members in a similar hierarchical position to the target will hold higher informal power over the target person than superiors and subordinates. Based on what is mentioned above, we can say that formal and informal power is really important in organisational life. They have influence on how leaders exercise their power. For example, leaders with formal positions exercise their power in a top-down manner, while those with informal power can influence others who are on the same level without any formal position. There is no formal structure but the relation between the individuals in the organization could go to any direction. Looking at this topic from a different perspective, power can be grouped in two categories, the social condition and the personal ability. These categories aim to distinguish positional power and personal power. Position power steams from a persons formal position and implies the legitimate authority to use positive and negative sanctions such as reward and coercion; while on the other hand personal power refers to expertise, referent power and charisma of a person. Summarising this, position power mostly refers to the existing organisational hierarchy that renders management the ability to control the behaviour of others and to change the organisational structure and processes. On the other hand, personal power refers to power sources connected to particular abilities, skills and experience of an actor. As we can see, position power could be related to the formal power that people have. It is the authorised and legitimate power that they possess. They have the title and formal posit ion to exercise their formal power to make others in the organisation follow them. Personal power can be related to the informal power, this is where people dont have authorised power, position or title to make people follow them, but they do it through their personal trait and skills. We can use volunteer work as an example of the distinction between leaders with formal and informal power. When we think about non-profit organizations we think about organizations where people dont have any formal power or positions. The idea of such organizations is to let people work without using any formal authority and to achieve the organizational goals. These people don ´t have a formal title and their followers are not obligated to follow them. This makes it challenging to these organizations to survive and serve their main goals. Nowadays, almost all kind of organizations rapidly adapt the formal business culture to face the challenges and survive in the marketplace. The workers in these organizations get formal positions to make sure that the work gets done properly. A good example of a leader who combined the formal and informal power in his leadership is Nelson Mandela. He conveyed his beliefs about racism and discrimination to the world and he was the formal leader of anti-discrimination organizations. While when Nelson Mandela was in prison, he didnt have any formal power but he still influenced a lot of people in the world. Position and Personal Power Power is usually used to describe the absolute capacity of the individual agent to influence the behaviour or attitudes of one or more designated target persons at a given point in time. Power is divided into two major groups; position power and personal power (Bass, 1960; Etzioni, 1961). Position power includes potential influence derived from legitimate authority, control over resources and rewards, control over punishments, control over information, and control over the physical work environment. Personal power includes potential influence derived from task expertise, and potential influence based on friendship and loyalty. Based on this study, the position power is more related to formal leaders because the people in organizations who have legitimate power give direct orders and requests in organizations. They have the authority to reward the followers, punish them if they dont comply with the orders, they have the control over information which is available and they also have control over the situation. While on the other side, leaders with informal positions have more of the personal power. Informal leaders exercise referent power through role modelling, because a person who is well liked and admired can have considerable influence over others by setting example of proper and desired behaviour for them to imitate. When identification is strong, imitation is likely to accrue even without any conscious intention by the agent. Informal leaders are charismatic and they are very much admired by the others, this is why others follow them even without having any legitimate power. Informal leaders are also known for being friendly, attractive, charming and trustworthy, they also show concern for the needs and feelings of the others, demonstrating trust and respect, and treating people fairly. Referent power depends greatly on these characteristics and personal traits and therefore any person in the organization who possesses these kind of skills can influence the other workers without doing any effort. Position power is important, not only as a source of influence but also because it can be used to enhance a leaders personal power. Besides that, most of power studies have found that effective leaders rely more on expert and referent power to influence subordinates, this is because they are positively correlated with subordinate satisfaction and performance. On the other hand, the same study has also found that legitimate power is an important reason for behavioural compliance. (Hinkin Schriesheim, 1989; Rahim, 1989; Schriesheim, Hinkin Podsakoff, 1991). So in the end, both position and personal power are essential for a leader to be effective in the workplace. Titles and Leaders The article Titles dont make leaders from the Harvard Business school is used here to support out hypothesis. Stever Robbins argues that leadership often ignores the fact that leadership is powerful at any and all levels-and that you do not need to be heading up an organization to be an effective leader. He believes that it doesnt matter what title or position you have, in order to do your job effectively. Some of the most effective business people could influence others without having any superior role or title. He also argues that a leaders job is to insure the success of the organization no matter who reports to whom in any given group. This means that anyone in the group can be the leader as long as he/she is willing to achieve the goals of the organization. Furthermore, the true measure of leadership is influence, nothing more nothing less. The capacity to influence others to participate is what defines a leader. As we have said before, people can get confused about titles and their connection to leadership. In most cases they think that just because a person has a certain title then that makes them leaders. But the reality says that leadership is about influence, influencing people to perform and do what they are supposed to do. This article also argues that the most a title can do is buy some time to increase or decrease the ability to influence the person who holds it. So titles can give individuals only temporary power to influence people and make them follow. So even if titles can be important in some situations like in the military where they have the power to control their subordinates, this does not make them leaders. It just gives them the power to use their power to give orders and make others follow them. A person will be perceived as a leader, regardless to his/her titles. Being seen as a leader doesnt have to do with the titles that you possess but its more about how you contribute to the success of the goals. This gives us the underlying base of our analysis. As we see here, Stever doesnt see any link between titles and the power to influence people but he believes that the actions of a person has more effect on influencing others and making them follow you or your orders. Charismatic Leaders Professor Martin Kilduff from University of Cambridge argues that charisma is considered to be an inherent quality that involves not just strong convictions and the ability to engage followers emotions, but also vision the articulation of lofty goals and the determined pursuit of those goals through the encouragement of others efforts. Also a numerous studies have concluded that charismatic leadership has positive effects on followers motivation, their satisfaction with leaders, as well as boosting leader effectiveness. With this being said, we see that charisma helps leaders to achieve the goals of the organization and makes people follow them. Leaders with charisma are seen to be more successful than others. Charismatic leaders are able to make others follow them easily without making much of an effort. But charisma is different from other personality attributes in that it is attributed to leaders by others their team mates, subordinates, and other people with whom they come into contact in the workplace and beyond. So informal or formal leaders need to interact with their followers and show their personality in order for them to be seen as charismatic. A research which was done by Martin Kilduff co-authored with Prasad Balkundi and David Harrison, forthcoming in Journal of Applied Psychology concluded that leaders who were active in their teams in terms of being at the centre of giving advice to subordinates and also soliciting opinions from subordinates tended to emerge as charismatic leaders in the eyes of those subordinates. Thus, in order for leaders to be seen as charismatic, whether they are formal or informal, they need to be active with followers, listen to their opinions and also provide them with guidelines or advices about work-related matters. Informal leaders are more likely to be seen more charismatic than formal leaders because they are more available and easier to be reached. They have better relations with their followers and they also solicit their opinions about important problems and issues. So formal leaders need to establish themselves as informal leaders in order to make their subordinates turn to them when they are faced with problems and issues. Leadership and Followers Several interrelated factors determine whether workers will follow their leader and how they asses leaders effectiveness. A leader will be seen as competent based on this improving performance, so if his/her performance is declining then followers will not comply. Followers will not only judge a leaders competence or performance but they will also judge leaders intentions. A leader who appears to be more concerned about followers and the missions than about the personal benefit or career advancement will gain more follower approval. Also a leaders who make visible self-sacrifices in the service of the organization will be viewed as more sincere and committed. Followers also consider the extent to which the leader appears to be similar to them in terms of values, beliefs, and other qualities they consider important. Followers who identify strongly with the group of the organizations are likely to have more trust in the leader who appears to be one of them and will make more favourable attributions about the leader. Because informal leaders dont have any authorized positions they are more likely to be seen as a member of the group. Therefore they are considered to share the same values and beliefs. They are trusted and seen as if they care more about the others and the organization goals than themselves. This is one of the reasons why the other workers consciously or unconsciously decide to follow the informal leaders. Informal leaders mostly have two roles, one is following the formal leaders and complying with their legitimate orders and the other one is informally leading their groups of colleagues. In order for these informal leaders to be effective they need to balance between these both roles, otherwise they would lose their identity and the trust or respect of the others. The challenge of informal leaders is harder because they are supposed to guide and support their followers plus satisfying their formal leaders. In order to further support this part of the study, a closer look will be taken on which factors influence the decision of followers to follow a leader. This will be supported by a study done by Thach, Thompson, and Morris 2006. One of the factors that influence followers to follow is motivation. In order for a leader to motivate his/her followers, he/she needs to show trust and respect and make them realize that their participation and achievements are important and essential for achieving the organizational goals and make it successful. This results to confident followers who believe that they can do the requested task. Mutual trust is the basis of an effective follower-leader relationship. This means that in order for followers to follow their leader, followers need to believe that the leader has their best interest. What also motivates followers is how similar their values and beliefs are with the leaders. Follower values determine their preferences for different types of leaders, they always look for leaders whose values match their own. When followers are comfortable with their leaders then they would follow them easily. Conclusion After having used several studies, articles and concepts, we got a clear insight about how leaders function, and influence followers. This study helped us answering the main questions this analysis which is: How would leaders with informal power influence their workers? Leaders with informal power influence followers by having personal characteristics, traits and skills. Being charismatic, showing trusts and respect to their co-workers, and believing in their ability to achieve the organizational goals and participating in its success are examples of these characteristics. Followers prefer leaders with whom they share values and beliefs. They are more comfortable in dealing with those leaders and other ones. Informal leaders usually fall in this category rather than formal leaders, this is because informal leaders are in the same hierarchical level and they are also considers as members of the same group. Informal leaders possess more of the personal power than positional power and from the used studies we came to know that personal power has more positive effect of followers than positional power has. Influencing followers is done by using the referent power and specially being role models to their followers. Titles and leaders are not directly connected. Leaders dont have to have any formal titles or power to be able to influence their followers and make them achieve the organizations goals. They can be leaders through their achievements, behaviour and the way they do their work. In this case, they can still be a role model for the followers and motivate them to do the work without having to use their titles. In the end we see that informal leaders influence followers not through titles or positions but through their charismatic personality, traits and skills. They are the people who followers look up to and want to follow.

Walmart :: essays research papers

http://laplaza.org/~totem/econ.html Retail Business, Jobs, Taxes and Prices in Taos Support your friends and neighbors and local businesses. Say NO to an SS Wal-Mart! Since Wal-Mart came to Taos, the number of retail businesses decreased from 438 to 231. In the last five years alone, retail jobs decreased from 3156 to 1500. (US census, pub 1/2003) Those closed businesses and the lost jobs supported community members, their children, their employees, and the stores in which they shopped. More local businesses will close after a Wal-Mart superstore comes to town. If businesses close at the same rate, Taos will lose 47% of its current retail stores and 54.5% of its retail jobs in a few years. What do we tell the families who have lost businesses or jobs that pay a living wage? Will as many tourists visit when we have fewer restaurants and shops because Taose�os can't afford to support them during the year? Can local banks stay open with fewer local business and worker deposits and when Wal-Mart deposits its money at night and withdraws it in the morning? How long will Wal-Mart remain profitable and open when fewer people have money to spend? Gross Receipts Taxes In 1998 Wal-Mart accounted for only 4.6% of the total taxes due Taos from all industries. (NM Taxation & Revenue Dept. and Wal-Mart) Do we change our land use code because Wal-Mart wants to blanket the country? What do we say to the hundreds of people who worked three years to produce Vision 20/20 and our land use code? Do we change our code that would support a local economy of thriving tourist and local-serving businesses, cottage industries and home businesses, agriculture and small sustainable industries that do not negatively impact the environment? What do we leave for our children and grandchildren? Food Prices Wal-Mart tells shoppers that they have low prices. However, a comparison of prices between the Taos food stores and the Wal-Mart superstore in Espanola shows: